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Many pre-Columbian civilizations established permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, and complex societal hierarchies. In North America, indigenous cultures in the Lower Mississippi Valley during the Middle Archaic period built complexes of multiple mounds, with several in Louisiana dated to 5600–5000 BP (3700 BC–3100 BC).
The History of North America encompasses the past developments of people populating the continent of North America. While it was commonly accepted that the continent first became inhabited by humans when individuals migrated across the Bering Sea 40,000 to 17,000 years ago, [ 1 ] more recent discoveries may have pushed those estimates back at ...
The archaeology of the Americas is the study of the archaeology of the Western Hemisphere, including North America (Mesoamerica), Central America, South America and the Caribbean. This includes the study of pre-historic/ pre-Columbian and historic indigenous American peoples , as well as historical archaeology of more recent eras, including the ...
They divided the archaeological record in the Americas into five phases, only three of which applied to North America. [1] The use of these divisions has diminished in most of North America due to the development of local classifications with more elaborate breakdowns of times. [2] 1. The Paleo-Indians stage and/or Lithic stage 2. The Archaic ...
In the late Archaic, on the north-central coastal region of Peru, a complex civilization arose which has been termed the Norte Chico civilization, also known as Caral-Supe. It is the oldest known civilization in the Americas and one of the six sites where civilization originated independently and indigenously in the ancient world, flourishing ...
900: American Southwestern tribes trade with Indigenous peoples of Mexico to obtain copper bells cast through the lost-wax technique. 915 (exact date): Construction begins at Pueblo Bonito, the largest Ancestral Pueblo Great House. 1000: Discovery of Vinland by Leif Erikson and Norse colonization of North America.
A map showing the extent of three major cultures within the American Southwest and Northern Mexico with modern borders to provide geographical context. The Pre-Columbian culture of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico evolved into three major archaeological culture areas, sometimes referred to as Oasisamerica.
The North American climate was unstable as the ice age receded during the Lithic stage. It finally stabilized about 10,000 years ago; climatic conditions were then very similar to today's. [ 31 ] Within this time frame, roughly about the Archaic Period , numerous archaeological cultures have been identified.