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Several different five-bit codes were used for early punched tape systems.. Five bits per character only allows for 32 different characters, so many of the five-bit codes used two sets of characters per value referred to as FIGS (figures) and LTRS (letters), and reserved two characters to switch between these sets.
When the French engineer Émile Baudot changed from using a 6-unit (6-bit) code to 5-unit code for his printing telegraph system, in 1875 [33] or 1876, [34] [35] he ordered the alphabetic characters on his print wheel using a reflected binary code, and assigned the codes using only three of the bits to vowels.
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A two-out-of-five code is an encoding scheme which uses five bits consisting of exactly three 0s and two 1s. This provides () = possible combinations, enough to represent the digits 0–9. This scheme can detect all single bit-errors, all odd numbered bit-errors and some even numbered bit-errors (for example the flipping of both 1-bits).
As of Unicode version 16.0, there are 155,063 characters with code points, covering 168 modern and historical scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets.This article includes the 1,062 characters in the Multilingual European Character Set 2 subset, and some additional related characters.
Baudot developed his first multiplexed telegraph in 1872 [3] [4] and patented it in 1874. [4] [5] In 1876, he changed from a six-bit code to a five-bit code, [4] as suggested by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber in 1834, [3] [6] with equal on and off intervals, which allowed for transmission of the Roman alphabet, and included punctuation and control signals.
Other 4-to-5-bit codes have been used for magnetic recording and are known as group coded recording (GCR), but those are (0,2) run-length limited codes, with at most two consecutive zeros. 4B5B allows up to three consecutive zeros (a (0,3) RLL code), providing a greater variety of control codes. On optical fiber, the 4B5B output is NRZI-encoded.
A code point is represented by a sequence of code units. The mapping is defined by the encoding. Thus, the number of code units required to represent a code point depends on the encoding: UTF-8: code points map to a sequence of one, two, three or four code units. UTF-16: code units are twice as long as 8-bit code units.
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