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In upper gastrointestinal series examinations, the barium sulfate is mixed with water and swallowed orally, whereas in the lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema), the barium contrast agent is administered as an enema through a small tube inserted into the rectum. [2] Barium swallow X-ray examinations are used to study the pharynx [4] and ...
An esophageal motility study (EMS) or esophageal manometry is a test to assess motor function of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter (LES). [ 1 ] Indications
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD), also called by various other names, is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum.
The use of barium during pregnancy is safe for the baby; however, X-rays may result in harm. [4] Barium sulfate suspension is typically made by mixing barium sulfate powder with water. [1] It is a non-iodinated contrast media. [5] Barium sulfate has been known since the Middle Ages. [6] In the United States it had come into common medical use ...
The overall LES pressure after a swallow is represented by the integrated relaxation pressure (IRP). [3] If the IRP is abnormally elevated (>15 mmHg), this indicates an obstruction is present. Normal peristalsis with an obstruction at the esophagogastric junction (elevated IRP) is consistent with EGJOO.
String sign, or gastrointestinal string sign (also called string sign of Kantour), is a medical term for a radiographic finding on an upper GI series, in which the patient is given a radio-opaque material, such as barium, to drink. X-rays are then taken of the patient's stomach and intestines.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems.
This figure shows a pressure topography plot during a normal swallow, measured using a 36-channel high-resolution manometry system. Time is on the horizontal axis and length along the esophagus on the vertical axis. Pressure magnitude is encoded in color corresponding to the scale shown at the bottom.