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Traditional medicine is a form of alternative medicine. Practices known as traditional medicines include ancient Iranian medicine, Ayurveda, Ifá, medieval Islamic medicine, Muti, Rongoā, Siddha medicine, traditional African medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Iranian medicine, traditional Korean medicine, and Unani.
Medicinal plants are used with the intention of maintaining health, to be administered for a specific condition, or both, whether in modern medicine or in traditional medicine. [ 4 ] [ 48 ] The Food and Agriculture Organization estimated in 2002 that over 50,000 medicinal plants are used across the world. [ 49 ]
In Indonesia, especially among the Javanese, the jamu traditional herbal medicine may have originated in the Mataram Kingdom era, some 1300 years ago. [85] The bas-reliefs on Borobudur depict the image of people grinding herbs with stone mortar and pestle , a drink seller, a herbalist, and masseuse treating people. [ 86 ]
Traditional knowledge includes types of knowledge about traditional technologies of areas such as subsistence (e.g. tools and techniques for hunting or agriculture), midwifery, ethnobotany and ecological knowledge, traditional medicine, celestial navigation, craft skills, ethnoastronomy, climate, and others.
ITM is a holistic medicine based on individual differences, a concept known as "Mizaj", or temperament. It is a set of physical and mental characteristics, defined by certain symptoms in the body and mind. [14] [15] According to ITM, everybody has a definite Mizaj which determines all physical or mental characteristics.
With worldwide research into pharmacology as well as medicine, traditional medicines or ancient herbal medicines are often translated into modern remedies, such as the anti-malarial group of drugs called artemisinin isolated from Artemisia annua herb, a herb that was known in Chinese medicine to treat fever.
A curandero is a specialist in traditional medicine whose practice can either contrast with or supplement that of a practitioner of Western medicine. A curandero is claimed to administer shamanistic and spiritistic remedies for mental, emotional, physical and spiritual illnesses.
Chinese patent medicine (中成藥; 中成药; zhōngchéng yào) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. They are standardized herbal formulas. From ancient times, pills were formed by combining several herbs and other ingredients, which were dried and ground into a powder. They were then mixed with a binder and formed into pills by hand.