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Triglyceride 3 NaOH / H 2 O Δ 3 × soap 3 × glycerol Triglycerides can be saponified with sodium hydroxide to give glycerol and fatty sodium salt or soap. Typical plant sources include soybeans or palm. Animal-derived tallow is another source. Approximately 950,000 tons per year are produced in the United States and Europe; 350,000 tons of glycerol were produced per year in the U.S. alone ...
According to some authors, organyl derivatives of acidic hydrogen of other acids are esters as well (e.g. amides), but not according to the IUPAC. [ 1 ] An example of an ester formation is the substitution reaction between a carboxylic acid ( R−C(=O)−OH ) and an alcohol (R'OH), forming an ester ( R−C(=O)−O−R' ), where R and R′ are ...
Common name: Structural formula nonanoic acid: pelargonic acid 1-octanecarboxylic acid: CH 3 (CH 2) 7 COOH benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid: trimesic acid: C 6 H 3 (COOH) 3 (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid: cinnamic acid trans-cinnamic acid phenylacrylic acid cinnamylic acid 3-phenylacrylic acid (E)-cinnamic acid benzenepropenoic acid isocinnamic ...
There are three structural isomers: 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (the ortho isomer) is commonly known as catechol, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene (the meta isomer) is commonly known as resorcinol, and 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (the para isomer) is commonly known as hydroquinone. [1]
It is one of two stereoisomers of the ester of dibasic phosphoric acid (HOPO 3 2-) and glycerol. It is a component of bacterial and eukaryotic glycerophospholipids. [2] From a historical reason, it is also known as L-glycerol 3-phosphate, D-glycerol 1-phosphate, L-α-glycerophosphoric acid.
In chocolate, compound chocolate and similar coatings, PGPR is mainly used with another substance like lecithin [2] to reduce viscosity. It is used at low levels (below 0.5%), [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and works by decreasing the friction between the solid particles (e.g. cacao , sugar , milk ) in molten chocolate, reducing the yield stress so that it flows ...
3 (CH 3 CO) 2 O + 1 C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 → 1 C 3 H 5 (OCOCH 3) 3 + 3 CH 3 CO 2 H. This synthesis has been conducted with catalytic sodium hydroxide and microwave irradiation to give a 99% yield of triacetin. [14] It has also been conducted with a cobalt(II) Salen complex catalyst supported by silicon dioxide and heated to 50 °C for 55 minutes to ...
DHAP and thus glycerol 1-phosphate is also possible to be synthesized from amino acids and citric acid cycle intermediates via gluconeogenesis pathway. + NAD(P)H + H + → + NAD(P) + Glycerol 1-phosphate is a starting material for de novo synthesis of ether lipids, such as those derived from archaeol and caldarchaeol .