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The invention of the microscope stimulated the study of plant anatomy, and the first carefully designed experiments in plant physiology were performed. With the expansion of trade and exploration beyond Europe, the many new plants being discovered were subjected to an increasingly rigorous process of naming, description, and classification.
They were the only two women out of 836 participants. [125] 1901: American Florence Bascom became the first female geologist to present a paper before the Geological Survey of Washington. [131] 1901: Czech botanist and zoologist Marie Zdeňka Baborová-Čiháková became the first woman in the Czech Republic to receive a PhD. [132]
Ida Freund (1863–1914), first woman to be a university chemistry lecturer in the United Kingdom [21]: 59–60 Louise Hammarström (1849–1917), Swedish chemist; Edith Humphrey (1875–1978), probably the first British woman to gain a doctorate in chemistry [22] Julia Lermontova (1846–1919), Russian chemist [21]: 61–64
Snugli and Weego were invented by nurse and peacekeeper Ann Moore first in the 1960s. Pertussis A pioneering female American doctor, medical researcher and an outspoken voice in the pediatric community, the supercentenarian Leila Alice Denmark (1898–2012) is credited as co-developer of the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine. [citation needed]
Women inventors have been historically rare in some geographic regions. For example, in the UK, only 33 of 4090 patents (less than 1%) issued between 1617 and 1816 named a female inventor. [1] In the US, in 1954, only 1.5% of patents named a woman, compared with 10.9% in 2002. [1]
The first admission of women as fellows of the Linnean Society in 1905, Mary Anne Stebbing is depicted in the right foreground, - from the original version of a painting by James Sant (1820–1916) Mary Anne Stebbing FLS ( née Saunders ; 11 September 1845 [ 1 ] – 21 January 1927) [ 2 ] was a botanist and botanical illustrator .
At the beginning of the 18th century, about twenty thousand plant species were known, versus forty thousand at the beginning of the 19th century, and about 300,000 today. These expeditions were joined by many scientists, including botanists, such as the German explorer Alexander von Humboldt. Humboldt is often considered as father of ecology.
Among the successful scientists were Nadezhda Suslova (1843–1918), the first woman in the world to obtain a medical doctorate fully equivalent to men's degrees; Maria Bokova-Sechenova (1839–1929), a pioneer of women's medical education who received two doctoral degrees, one in medicine in Zürich and one in physiology in Vienna; Iulia ...