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  2. Rutherford model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model

    Also among the early models were "planetary" or Solar System-like models. [ 2 ] : 35 In a 1901 paper, [ 4 ] Jean Baptiste Perrin used Thomson's discovery in a proposed a Solar System like model for atoms, with very strongly charged "positive suns" surrounded by "corpuscles, a kind of small negative planets", where the word "corpuscles" refers ...

  3. Bohr–Sommerfeld model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr–Sommerfeld_model

    Orbitals of the Radium. (End plates to [1]) 5 electrons with the same principal and auxiliary quantum numbers, orbiting in sync. ([2] page 364) The Sommerfeld extensions of the 1913 solar system Bohr model of the hydrogen atom showing the addition of elliptical orbits to explain spectral fine structure.

  4. Historical models of the Solar System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_models_of_the...

    In 1950 Jan Oort suggested the presence of a cometary reservoir in the outer limits of the Solar System, the Oort cloud, [109] and in 1951 Gerard Kuiper argued for an annular reservoir of comets between 40 and 100 astronomical units from the Sun having formed early in the Solar System's evolution, but he did not think that such a belt still ...

  5. Numerical model of the Solar System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_model_of_the...

    A numerical model of the Solar System is a set of mathematical equations, which, when solved, give the approximate positions of the planets as a function of time. Attempts to create such a model established the more general field of celestial mechanics. The results of this simulation can be compared with past measurements to check for accuracy ...

  6. Solar System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System

    The largest such scale model, the Sweden Solar System, uses the 110-meter (361-foot) Avicii Arena in Stockholm as its substitute Sun, and, following the scale, Jupiter is a 7.5-meter (25-foot) sphere at Stockholm Arlanda Airport, 40 km (25 mi) away, whereas the farthest current object, Sedna, is a 10 cm (4 in) sphere in Luleå, 912 km (567 mi ...

  7. Solar System model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System_model

    A 1766 Benjamin Martin mechanical model, or orrery, on display at the Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments. Solar System models, especially mechanical models, called orreries, that illustrate the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons in the Solar System have been built for centuries.

  8. Bohr model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model

    The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom (Z = 1) or a hydrogen-like ion (Z > 1), where the negatively charged electron confined to an atomic shell encircles a small, positively charged atomic nucleus and where an electron jumps between orbits, is accompanied by an emitted or absorbed amount of electromagnetic energy (hν). [1]

  9. Standard solar model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_solar_model

    The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. [1]