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Sundarbans (Bengali: সুন্দরবন) (pronounced / s ʌ n ˈ d ɑːr b ə n z /) is a mangrove forest area in Ganges Delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. Spread across parts of India and Bangladesh, this forest is the largest mangrove forest in the world. [6]
Environmental impact of development in the Sundarbans, is the study of environmental impact on Sundarban, the largest single tract mangrove forest. [1] It consist of a geographical area of 9,629 square kilometres (3,718 sq mi), including 4,185 square kilometres (1,616 sq mi) of reserve forest land, and is a natural region located partly in southern Bangladesh and partly in the Indian state of ...
The present Sundarban National Park was declared as the core area of Sundarban Tiger Reserve in 1973 and a wildlife sanctuary in 1977. On 4 May 1984 it was declared a national park. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site inscribed in 1987, [2] [3] and it has been designated as a Ramsar site since 2019. [1]
The Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve or Indian Sundarbans covers an area of 9,630 square kilometers (3,720 sq mi) and is divided into core, buffer, and transi-tion zones. [3] The area of reserved forest under the Biosphere Reserve is about 4263 km 2 , [ 3 ] of which 55% land is under vegetation cover and the remaining 45 per cent under wetland ...
Sundarbans West Wildlife Sanctuary is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and animal sanctuary in Bangladesh. The area of the reserve covers 715 km 2 . [ 1 ] It is part of the larger Sundarbans region , one of the largest mangroveforests in the world.
Four protected areas in the Sundarbans are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. [27] Despite these protections, the Indian Sundarbans were assessed as endangered in 2020 under the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems framework. [28] There is a consistent pattern of depleted biodiversity or loss of species and the ecological quality of the forest is ...
Physiographically the Sundarbans consist of the marine delta zone. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recent geological period, a large low-lying plain got exposed. Both tidal inflows and the rivers have been depositing sediments in this plain. In the Sundarbans overwhelming majority of the population is dependent on agriculture.
It is the dominant mangrove tree species of the Sundarbans of Bangladesh and India, and comprises about 70% of the trees in the area. [3] H. fomes is a major timber-producing tree. It is threatened by over-harvesting, water diversions in the Ganges Basin, fluctuations in salinity due to upstream and coastal development and top dying disease.