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An adrenal tumor or adrenal mass [2] is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland, several of which are notable for their tendency to overproduce endocrine hormones. Adrenal cancer is the presence of malignant adrenal tumors, and includes neuroblastoma , adrenocortical carcinoma and some adrenal pheochromocytomas .
An adrenocortical adenoma or adrenal adenoma is commonly described as a benign neoplasm emerging from the cells that comprise the adrenal cortex. Like most adenomas , the adrenocortical adenoma is considered a benign tumor since the majority of them are non-functioning and asymptomatic .
Myelolipoma (myelo-, from the Ancient Greek μυελός 'marrow'; lipo, 'of, or pertaining to, fat'; -oma 'tumor or mass'; also myolipoma) is a benign tumor-like lesion composed of mature adipose (fat) tissue and haematopoietic (blood-forming) elements in various proportions. [1] Myelolipomas can present in the adrenal gland, [2] or outside of ...
Adrenal tumors are commonly found as incidentalomas, unexpected asymptomatic tumors found during medical imaging. They are seen in around 3.4% of CT scans, [7] and in most cases they are benign adenomas. [49] Adrenal carcinomas are very rare, with an incidence of 1 case per million per year. [4]
When an adrenal nodule (potential tumor) is discovered on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, there is a 5–10% chance the lesion is a pheochromocytoma. [175] The incidence of adrenal tumors is found in the infographic above, with pheochromocytoma noted in yellow in the top right corner.
Ganglioneuroma (occasionally called a "ganglioma") is a rare and benign tumor of the autonomic nerve fibers arising from neural crest sympathogonia (undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system). [1] However, ganglioneuromas themselves are fully differentiated neuronal tumors that do not contain immature elements. [2]
Adrenal tumor; Pituitary adenoma; The most common form is thyroid cancer. [1] Conditions such as pancreatic cancer or ovarian cancer can be considered endocrine tumors, or classified under other systems. Pinealoma is often grouped with brain tumors because of its location. [citation needed]
In people with a single benign tumor , surgical removal (adrenalectomy) may be curative. This is usually performed laparoscopically , through several very small incisions. For people with hyperplasia of both glands, successful treatment is often achieved with spironolactone or eplerenone , drugs that block the aldosterone receptor .