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Snap, [6] or jounce, [2] is the fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time, or the rate of change of the jerk with respect to time. [4] Equivalently, it is the second derivative of acceleration or the third derivative of velocity, and is defined by any of the following equivalent expressions: = ȷ = = =.
A branch of physics that studies atoms as isolated systems of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Compare nuclear physics. atomic structure atomic weight (A) The sum total of protons (or electrons) and neutrons within an atom. audio frequency A periodic vibration whose frequency is in the band audible to the average human, the human hearing range.
Despite their being equivalent to 0.25 marks, a grade like 3-- is still recorded in official documents as 3. The Bad (1.00) grade is mostly obsolete and rarely given; some official electronic documents do not even permit it to be entered. Roughly, the Bulgarian grade system can be equated to the American one like the following: 6=A, 5=B, 4=C, 3 ...
Screw theory is the algebraic calculation of pairs of vectors, also known as dual vectors [1] – such as angular and linear velocity, or forces and moments – that arise in the kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies.
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The term / is known as the surface term. This term, also based on the strong force, is a correction to the volume term. The volume term suggests that each nucleon interacts with a constant number of nucleons, independent of A. While this is very nearly true for nucleons deep within the nucleus, those nucleons on the surface of the nucleus have ...
The commutator of two elements, g and h, of a group G, is the element [g, h] = g −1 h −1 gh.This element is equal to the group's identity if and only if g and h commute (that is, if and only if gh = hg).
In chemistry and physics, the exchange interaction is a quantum mechanical constraint on the states of indistinguishable particles.While sometimes called an exchange force, or, in the case of fermions, Pauli repulsion, its consequences cannot always be predicted based on classical ideas of force. [1]