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The 1960 Valdivia earthquake and tsunami (Spanish: Terremoto de Valdivia) or the Great Chilean earthquake (Gran terremoto de Chile) on 22 May 1960 was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Most studies have placed it at 9.4–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale, [1] while some studies have placed the magnitude lower than 9.4.
The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
Earthquakes (6.0+ M w) between 1900 and 2017 Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle.They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history.
2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake – magnitude 7.8 earthquake with an epicenter on Moresby Island in British Columbia, the second largest Canadian earthquake ever recorded by a seismometer, over 100,000 people were evacuated to higher ground in the state of Hawai'i
The 1968 Illinois earthquake (a New Madrid event) [4] was the largest recorded earthquake in the U.S. Midwestern state of Illinois.Striking at 11:02 a.m. on November 9, it measured 5.3 on the Richter scale. [5]
The earthquake, measuring 2.1ML on the Richter scale, hit Morvern in the Highlands just before 3.30pm. ... a quake measuring 1.1ML was recorded, and all the previous ones were smaller.
Second, Richter arbitrarily defined the zero point of the scale to be where an earthquake at a distance of 100 km makes a maximum horizontal displacement of 0.001 millimeters (1 μm, or 0.00004 in.) on a seismogram recorded with a Wood-Anderson torsion seismograph. [14]
M L This is the only deadly Australian earthquake recorded to date – February 8, 1990 15:15 local time Bohol Sea, Philippines; see 1990 Bohol Sea earthquake. 9.755 124.694 6 6.8 M w [90] [91] June 14, 1990: 15:41 local time Panay Island, Philippines see 1990 Panay earthquake: 11.34 122.10 8 7.1 M w – June 21, 1990: 00:30 local time