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  2. Arterial stiffness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterial_stiffness

    Arterial stiffness may also affect the time at which pulse wave reflections return to the heart. As the pulse wave travels through the circulation it undergoes reflection at sites where the transmission properties of the arterial tree change (i.e. sites of impedance mismatch). These reflected waves propagate backward towards the heart.

  3. Pulse pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_pressure

    Pulse pressure is calculated as the difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure. [3] [4]The systemic pulse pressure is approximately proportional to stroke volume, or the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole (pump action) and inversely proportional to the compliance (similar to elasticity) of the aorta.

  4. Arteriovenous oxygen difference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriovenous_oxygen...

    The arteriovenous oxygen difference is usually taken by comparing the difference in the oxygen concentration of oxygenated blood in the femoral, brachial, or radial artery and the oxygen concentration in the deoxygenated blood from the mixed supply found in the pulmonary artery (as an indicator of the typical mixed venous supply).

  5. Compliance (physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compliance_(physiology)

    Compliance diminishes with age and menopause. Arterial compliance is measured by ultrasound as a pressure (carotid artery) and volume (outflow into aorta) relationship. [5] Compliance, in simple terms, is the degree to which a container experiences pressure or force without disruption. It is used as an indication of arterial stiffness.

  6. Pulse wave velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_wave_velocity

    The theory of the velocity of the transmission of the pulse through the circulation dates back to 1808 with the work of Thomas Young. [9] The relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and arterial wall stiffness can be derived from Newton's second law of motion (=) applied to a small fluid element, where the force on the element equals the product of density (the mass per unit volume ...

  7. Pathophysiology of hypertension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of...

    A diagram explaining factors affecting arterial pressure. Pathophysiology is a study which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions. The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure.

  8. Atherosclerosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosis

    Atherosclerosis [a] is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, [8] characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries.This is a chronic inflammatory disease involving many different cell types and driven by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. [9]

  9. Arteriosclerosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriosclerosis

    Arteriosclerosis, literally meaning "hardening of the arteries", is an umbrella term for a vascular disorder characterized by abnormal thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity [3] of the walls of arteries; [4] this process gradually restricts the blood flow to one's organs and tissues and can lead to severe health risks brought on by atherosclerosis, which is a specific form of ...