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Intestinal ischemia is a medical condition in which injury to the large or small intestine occurs due to not enough blood supply. [2] It can come on suddenly, known as acute intestinal ischemia, or gradually, known as chronic intestinal ischemia. [ 1 ]
Ischemic colitis (also spelled ischaemic colitis) is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply . Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia .
Neutropenic enterocolitis, also known as typhlitis, is an inflammation of the cecum (part of the large intestine) that may be associated with infection. [1] It is particularly associated with neutropenia, a low level of neutrophil granulocytes (the most common form of white blood cells) in the blood. Typhlitis is a kind of neutropenic ...
Volvulus, a twisting of the small intestine often caused by intestinal malrotation that quickly cuts off blood supply and leads to tissue death; Tumors of the small intestine; Radiation enteropathy, radiation injury to the small intestine, due to radiation therapy for cancer; Injury or trauma to the small intestine
Initial treatment for sigmoid volvulus may occasionally occur via sigmoidoscopy or with a barium enema. [3] Due to the high risk of recurrence, a bowel resection within the next two days is generally recommended. [3] If the bowel is severely twisted or the blood supply is cut off, immediate surgery is required. [1]
A lower gastrointestinal bleed is defined as bleeding originating distal to the ileocecal valve, which includes the colon, rectum, and anus. [2] LGIB was previously defined as any bleed that occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz, which included the aforementioned parts of the intestine and also included the last 1/4 of the duodenum and the entire area of the jejunum and ileum. [1]
Surgical treatment is usually required due to the likelihood of stenosis or complete occlusion of the small intestine. [17] Ischemic damage can range from mucosal infarction, which is limited only to the mucosa; mural infarction of the mucosa and underlying submucosa; to transmural infarction of the full thickness of the gastrointestinal wall.
Bowel infarction or gangrenous bowel represents an irreversible injury to the intestine resulting from insufficient blood flow. It is considered a medical emergency because it can quickly result in life-threatening infection and death. [1] Any cause of bowel ischemia, the earlier reversible form of injury, may ultimately lead to infarction if ...