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The hydrogen-powered Tu-155 prototype made its first flight on 15 April 1988.. A hydrogen-powered aircraft is an aeroplane that uses hydrogen fuel as a power source. Hydrogen can either be burned in a jet engine or another kind of internal combustion engine, or can be used to power a fuel cell to generate electricity to power an electric propulsor.
Hydrogen fuel could save £150,000–£300,000 annually over fossil fuel, maintenance costs should fall by 50% for the propulsion system, and 15% for the whole aircraft. [5] Rolls-Royce plc left the consortium, while engineering company Ricardo plc will integrate the two 250 kW (340 hp) fuel cells and Innovatus Technologies the composite ...
Paschen-Back effect, the splitting of atomic energy levels in the presence of a strong magnetic field Paschen series, a Hydrogen spectral series in the infrared band Paschen's law , an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of ...
Louis Carl Heinrich Friedrich Paschen (22 January 1865 – 25 February 1947) was a German physicist, known for his work on electrical discharges. He is also known for the Paschen series , a series of hydrogen spectral lines in the infrared region that he first observed in 1908.
Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. [2] [3] It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889. [4]
The Tu-155 was a hybrid, only one of its three Kuznetsov NK-8 engines (they are now called NK-88) was actually powered by hydrogen. [2] The fuel tank was located in the air-blown (or nitrogen) rear compartment. A distinctive feature of the aircraft is that the protrusion of the ventilation system is visible on the tail (near the no. 2 engine).
For example, the 2 → 1 line is called "Lyman-alpha" (Ly-α), while the 7 → 3 line is called "Paschen-delta" (Pa-δ). Energy level diagram of electrons in hydrogen atom. There are emission lines from hydrogen that fall outside of these series, such as the 21 cm line.
In February 2008 Boeing tested a crewed flight of a small aircraft powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. Uncrewed hydrogen planes have also been tested. [67] For large passenger aeroplanes, The Times reported that "Boeing said that hydrogen fuel cells were unlikely to power the engines of large passenger jet aeroplanes but could be used as backup or ...