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Fundal height, or McDonald's rule, is a measure of the size of the uterus used to assess fetal growth and development during pregnancy. It is measured from the top of the mother's uterus to the top of the mother's pubic symphysis.
There is no sharp limit of development, age, or weight at which a fetus automatically becomes viable. [21] According to data from 2003 to 2005, survival rates are 20–35% for babies born at 23 weeks of gestation (5 + 3 ⁄ 4 months); 50–70% at 24–25 weeks (6 – 6 + 1 ⁄ 4 months); and >90% at 26–27 weeks (6 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 6 + 3 ⁄ 4 ...
Human embryology is the study of this development during the first eight weeks after fertilization. The normal period of gestation (pregnancy) is about nine months or 40 weeks. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the development of the early embryo until implantation is completed in the uterus.
During pregnancy the plasma volume increases by 40-50% and the red blood cell volume increases only by 20–30%. [22] These changes occur mostly in the second trimester and prior to 32 weeks gestation. [24] Due to dilution, the net result is a decrease in hematocrit or hemoglobin, which are measures of red blood cell concentration.
The first ten weeks of gestational age is the period of embryogenesis and together with the first three weeks of prenatal development make up the first trimester of pregnancy. From the 10th week of gestation (8th week of development), the developing embryo is called a fetus.
According to studies between 2003 and 2005, 20 to 35 percent of babies born at 23 weeks of gestation survive, while 50 to 70 percent of babies born at 24 to 25 weeks, and more than 90 percent born at 26 to 27 weeks, survive. [14] It is rare for a baby weighing less than 500 g (17.6 ounces) to survive. [13]
After the 20th week of pregnancy, the mother would need to visit the doctor for the measurement of fundal height, which is the length from the top portion of the uterus to the pubic bone. [24] The length measured in centimeters should correspond to the number of weeks that the mother has been pregnant. [24]
It is important that the fundal height be measured and properly recorded to track proper fetal growth and the increasing development of amniotic fluid. The obstetrician, gynaecologist or midwife should also routinely ultrasound the patient—this procedure will also give an indication of proper fetal growth and amniotic fluid development.
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