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  2. Arc length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length

    Arc length is the distance between two ... Since it is straightforward to calculate the length of each ... represents the radius of a circle, is ...

  3. Sagitta (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagitta_(geometry)

    In the following equations, denotes the sagitta (the depth or height of the arc), equals the radius of the circle, and the length of the chord spanning the base of the arc. As 1 2 l {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}l} and r − s {\displaystyle r-s} are two sides of a right triangle with r {\displaystyle r} as the hypotenuse , the Pythagorean ...

  4. Circular segment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_segment

    The arc length, from the familiar geometry of a circle, is s = θ R {\displaystyle s={\theta }R} The area a of the circular segment is equal to the area of the circular sector minus the area of the triangular portion (using the double angle formula to get an equation in terms of θ {\displaystyle \theta } ):

  5. Circular arc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_arc

    A circular sector is shaded in green. Its curved boundary of length L is a circular arc. A circular arc is the arc of a circle between a pair of distinct points.If the two points are not directly opposite each other, one of these arcs, the minor arc, subtends an angle at the center of the circle that is less than π radians (180 degrees); and the other arc, the major arc, subtends an angle ...

  6. Great-circle distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_distance

    When calculating the length of a short north-south line at the equator, the circle that best approximates that line has a radius of (which equals the meridian's semi-latus rectum), or 6335.439 km, while the spheroid at the poles is best approximated by a sphere of radius , or 6399.594 km, a 1% difference. So long as a spherical Earth is assumed ...

  7. Circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle

    The sagitta (also known as the versine) is a line segment drawn perpendicular to a chord, between the midpoint of that chord and the arc of the circle. Given the length y of a chord and the length x of the sagitta, the Pythagorean theorem can be used to calculate the radius of the unique circle that will fit around the two lines: = +.

  8. Degree of curvature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_of_curvature

    Where degree of curvature is based on 100 units of arc length, the conversion between degree of curvature and radius is Dr = 18000/π ≈ 5729.57795, where D is degree and r is radius. Since rail routes have very large radii, they are laid out in chords, as the difference to the arc is inconsequential; this made work easier before electronic ...

  9. Spherical trigonometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_trigonometry

    The sphere has a radius of 1, and so the side lengths and lower case angles are equivalent (see arc length). The angle A (respectively, B and C) may be regarded either as the angle between the two planes that intersect the sphere at the vertex A, or, equivalently, as the angle between the tangents of the great circle arcs where they meet at the ...