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Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water.Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive.A common concentration is 49% (48-52%) but there are also stronger solutions (e.g. 70%) and pure HF has a boiling point near room temperature.
Hydrogen fluoride is typically produced by the reaction between sulfuric acid and pure grades of the mineral fluorite: [14] CaF 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HF + CaSO 4. About 20% of manufactured HF is a byproduct of fertilizer production, which generates hexafluorosilicic acid. This acid can be degraded to release HF thermally and by hydrolysis: H 2 SiF ...
Hydrofluoric acid is also the strongest of the hydrohalic acids in acetic acid and similar solvents. [39] Its hidden acidity potential is also revealed by the fact it protonates acids like hydrochloric, sulfuric, or nitric. [40] Despite its weakness, hydrofluoric acid is very corrosive, even attacking glass (hydrated only). [38]
n.o.s. = not otherwise specified meaning a collective entry to which substances, mixtures, solutions or articles may be assigned if a) they are not mentioned by name in 3.2 Dangerous Goods List AND b) they exhibit chemical, physical and/or dangerous properties corresponding to the Class, classification code, packing group and the name and description of the n.o.s. entry [2]
Fluoroantimonic acid is a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentafluoride, containing various cations and anions (the simplest being H 2 F + and SbF − 6).This mixture is a superacid stronger than pure sulfuric acid, by many orders of magnitude, according to its Hammett acidity function.
Hydrofluoric acid is a contact poison with greater hazards than many strong acids like sulfuric acid even though it is weak: it remains neutral in aqueous solution and thus penetrates tissue faster, whether through inhalation, ingestion or the skin, and at least nine U.S. workers died in such accidents from 1984 to 1994.
Organofluorine compounds are pervasive. Many drugs, many polymers, refrigerants, and many inorganic compounds are made from fluoride-containing reagents. Often fluorides are converted to hydrogen fluoride, which is a major reagent and precursor to reagents. Hydrofluoric acid and its anhydrous form, hydrogen fluoride, are particularly important. [4]
Hydrazoic acid: used primarily for preservation of stock solutions, and as a reagent Hydrochloric acid: a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses Hydrofluoric acid: valued source of fluorine, precursor to numerous pharmaceuticals; highly corrosive Hydrogen peroxide: an oxidizer commonly used as a bleach Imidazole