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Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water.Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive.A common concentration is 49% (48-52%) but there are also stronger solutions (e.g. 70%) and pure HF has a boiling point near room temperature.
It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield hydrofluoric acid. It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the form of hydrofluoric acid, and is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Hydrofluoric acid is also the strongest of the hydrohalic acids in acetic acid and similar solvents. [39] Its hidden acidity potential is also revealed by the fact it protonates acids like hydrochloric, sulfuric, or nitric. [40] Despite its weakness, hydrofluoric acid is very corrosive, even attacking glass (hydrated only). [38]
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
Fluoroantimonic acid is a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentafluoride, containing various cations and anions (the simplest being H 2 F + and Sb F − 6).This mixture is a superacid that, in terms of corrosiveness, is trillions of times stronger than pure sulfuric acid when measured by its Hammett acidity function.
Antimony pentafluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula Sb F 5.This colourless, viscous liquid is a strong Lewis acid and a component of the superacid fluoroantimonic acid, formed upon mixing liquid HF with liquid SbF 5 in 1:1 ratio.
Solubility in water. 573.0 g/100 mL (25 °C) [1] Solubility: ... Contact with acid should be avoided, as this forms highly toxic/corrosive hydrofluoric acid.
High ingestion of fluoride salts or hydrofluoric acid may result in fatal arrhythmias due to profound hypocalcemia. Chronic over-absorption can cause hardening of bones, calcification of ligaments, and buildup on teeth. Fluoride can cause irritation or corrosion to eyes, skin, and nasal membranes. [27]