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Anticonvulsant agents, such as phenytoin, are associated with common forms of gingival overgrowth. [2] It is caused by the increase of metabolites from the breakdown of anticonvulsants in the body. [3] It should also be noted that concurrent usage of different anticonvulsants in children has resulted in accumulative gingival enlargement. [2]
Gingival enlargement has a multitude of causes. The most common is chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement, when the gingivae are soft and discolored. This is caused by tissue edema and infective cellular infiltration caused by prolonged exposure to bacterial plaque, and is treated with conventional periodontal treatment, such as scaling and root planing.
Phenytoin has been associated with drug-induced gingival enlargement (overgrowth of the gums), probably due to above-mentioned folate deficiency; indeed, evidence from a randomized controlled trial suggests that folic acid supplementation can prevent gingival enlargement in children who take phenytoin. [34]
Drug-related gingival hyperplasia is a cutaneous condition characterized by enlargement of the gums noted during the first year of drug treatment. [1] Although the mechanism of drug related gingival hyperplasia is not well understood, some risk factors for the condition include the duration of drug use and poor oral hygiene . [ 2 ]
These are far less common than plaque-induced gingival lesions. [6] Non-plaque-induced gingival disease is an inflammation of the gingiva that does not result from dental plaque, but from other gingival diseases caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or genetic sources. Although this gingival disease is less common than those which are plaque ...
As this syndrome can present secondary to multiple anticonvulsants, the general term "anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome" (AHS) is favored over the original descriptive term "dilantin hypersensitivity syndrome."
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Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes K05-K06 within Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system should be included in this category. Pages in category "Periodontal disorders" The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total.