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Relational aggression, alternative aggression, or relational bullying is a type of aggression in which harm is caused by damaging someone's relationships or social status. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although it can be used in many contexts and among different age groups , relational aggression among adolescents in particular, has received a lot of attention.
An interest in aspects of bullying sprouted in the 1990s due to media coverage of student suicides, peer beatings, and school shootings. [2] Yet such negative outcomes are rare. One of the most well-known cases concerning the effects of peer victimization is the Columbine High School massacre of 1999 in Columbine, Colorado, United States.
Relational aggression includes attempts to damage the reputation of another person or existing relationships and can involve gossip, rumors, manipulation, social isolation, public humiliation ...
A depiction of a student being bullied by three other students. A bystander is seen in the background, paying no attention. Share of children who report being bullied (2015) Bullying is the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate. The behavior is often repeated and habitual.
Horizontal violence [28] is often the same term used when referring to bullying in nursing. This term describes the appalling behavior shown by colleagues in the nursing field. Such demeaning behavior can make the workplace stressful and unpleasant. Another term associated to bullying in nursing is hierarchical violence.
In a study of college students' relational transgressions, the following nine categories emerged consistently. Inappropriate interaction: Instances in which a partner performs badly during an interaction, typically a conflict episode. Lack of sensitivity: Instances in which a partner exhibits thoughtless, disrespectful, or inconsiderate behavior.
Bullying and emotional intelligence. Bullying is abusive social interaction between peers and can include aggression, harassment, and violence. Bullying is typically repetitive and enacted by those who are in a position of power over the victim. A growing body of research illustrates a significant relationship between bullying and emotional ...
Common factors theory. Common factors theory, a theory guiding some research in clinical psychology and counseling psychology, proposes that different approaches and evidence-based practices in psychotherapy and counseling share common factors that account for much of the effectiveness of a psychological treatment. [1]