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David Playing the Harp by Jan de Bray, 1670.. Knowledge of the biblical period is mostly from literary references in the Bible and post-biblical sources. Religion and music historian Herbert Lockyer, Jr. writes that "music, both vocal and instrumental, was well cultivated among the Hebrews, the New Testament Christians, and the Christian church through the centuries."
A scroll (from the Old French escroe or escroue) is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing. [1] The history of scrolls dates back to ancient Egypt. In most ancient literate cultures scrolls were the earliest format for longer documents written in ink or paint on a flexible background, preceding bound books; [2] rigid media ...
The Seikilos epitaph is an Ancient Greek inscription that preserves the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Commonly dated between the 1st and 2nd century AD, the inscription was found engraved on a pillar ( stele) from the ancient Hellenistic town of Tralles (present-day Turkey) in 1883.
Image contrast and brightness were enhanced to better visualize the details visible to the naked eye on their external surface. [1] The Herculaneum papyri are more than 1,800 papyrus scrolls discovered in the 18th century in the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum. They had been carbonized when the villa was engulfed by the eruption of Mount ...
The first mass book burning in Amsterdam took place later, in 1526. Thereafter, public book burning remained part of life in the Habsburg Netherlands for much of the 16th century, Anabaptist and Calvinist writings later joining the Lutheran ones in the flames. Yet despite this relentless campaign, Protestant writings continued to proliferate.
The discovery of the Qumran Caves Scrolls (3rd century BCE – 1st century CE), [25] [26] unveiled previously unknown documents that shed light on the rules and beliefs of a particular group or groups within greater Judaism. [27] The Qumran Caves Scrolls encompass most of the Dead Sea Scrolls. They are associated with the Essenes. Notable examples:
First described in the 1st century of the Common Era, when the Roman poet Martial praised its convenient use, the codex achieved numerical parity with the scroll around 300 CE, [9] and had completely replaced it throughout what was by then a Christianized Greco-Roman world by the 6th century. [10]
ca. 1st century – Seikilos epitaph, the oldest surviving complete piece of music; late 3rd century – Oxyrhynchus hymn, the earliest known Christian hymn to contain both lyrics and musical notation; 387 – Te Deum, early Christian hymn; ca. 6th–7th century – Jieshi Diao Youlan No. 5, Chinese guqin melody, oldest extant substantial ...