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Pennsylvania v. Inocencio Muniz. Pennsylvania v. Muniz, 496 US 582 (1990), is a U.S. Supreme Court case involving the Self-incrimination Clause of the 5th Amendment and the meaning of “testimonial” under the 5th Amendment. A drunk-driving suspect, Muniz, made several incriminating statements while in police custody, and the Supreme Court ...
Field sobriety tests ( FSTs ), also referred to as standardized field sobriety tests ( SFSTs ), are a battery of tests used by police officers to determine if a person suspected of impaired driving is intoxicated with alcohol or other drugs. FSTs (and SFSTs) are primarily used in the United States, to meet "probable cause for arrest ...
Positional alcohol nystagmus. Positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) is nystagmus (visible jerkiness in eye movement) produced when the head is placed in a sideways position. PAN occurs when the specific gravity of the membrane space of the semicircular canals in the ear differs from the specific gravity of the fluid in the canals because of the ...
Sims said police can use the same field sobriety test for marijuana as officers use for alcohol. Once they arrest a driver, city police bring in police officer and drug recognition expert Marlo ...
The Pennsylvania legislature is considering everything from expanding who can get medical marijuana to full legalization. Here’s what you need to know. Here are 5 ways Pennsylvania’s marijuana ...
Cannabis. Two main questions arise in the law surrounding driving after having ingested cannabis: (1) whether cannabis actually impairs driving ability, and (2) whether the common practice of testing for THC (the main psychoactive substance in cannabis) is a reliable means to measure impairment. On the first question, studies are mixed.
Major goals for both Democrats and Republicans fell by the wayside in Pennsylvania’s new $47.6 billion budget. Legal marijuana, big tax cuts and minimum wage: This year’s losers in the ...
Drug Recognition Expert. A Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) is a law enforcement officer trained in a scientifically validated method to identify people whose driving is impaired by drugs other than, or in addition to, alcohol . All DREs follow the same 12 step procedure called a Drug Influence Evaluation (DIE), to purportedly determine which ...