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  2. Holliday junction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holliday_junction

    The two pathways for homologous recombination in eukaryotes, showing the formation and resolution of Holliday junctions. The Holliday junction is a key intermediate in homologous recombination, a biological process that increases genetic diversity by shifting genes between two chromosomes, as well as site-specific recombination events involving integrases.

  3. Ocean stratification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_stratification

    Ocean stratification. Ocean stratification is the natural separation of an ocean's water into horizontal layers by density, which is generally stable because warm water floats on top of cold water, and heating is mostly from the sun, which reinforces that arrangement. Stratification is reduced by wind-forced mechanical mixing, but reinforced by ...

  4. Intertidal ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_ecology

    Intertidal ecology is the study of intertidal ecosystems, where organisms live between the low and high tide lines. At low tide, the intertidal is exposed whereas at high tide, the intertidal is underwater. Intertidal ecologists therefore study the interactions between intertidal organisms and their environment, as well as between different ...

  5. Vertical integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_integration

    In microeconomics, management and international political economy, vertical integration, also referred to as vertical consolidation, is an arrangement in which the supply chain of a company is integrated and owned by that company. Usually each member of the supply chain produces a different product or (market-specific) service, and the products ...

  6. Diel vertical migration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diel_vertical_migration

    Diel vertical migration ( DVM ), also known as diurnal vertical migration, is a pattern of movement used by some organisms, such as copepods, living in the ocean and in lakes. The adjective "diel" ( IPA: / ˈdaɪ.əl /, / ˈdiː.əl /) comes from Latin: diēs, lit. 'day', and refers to a 24-hour period. The migration occurs when organisms move ...

  7. Modularity of mind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modularity_of_mind

    Historically, questions regarding the functional architecture of the mind have been divided into two different theories of the nature of the faculties. The first can be characterized as a horizontal view because it refers to mental processes as if they are interactions between faculties such as memory, imagination, judgement, and perception, which are not domain specific (e.g., a judgement ...

  8. Sound localization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_localization

    Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance. The sound localization mechanisms of the mammalian auditory system have been extensively studied. The auditory system uses several cues for sound source localization, including time difference and level difference (or ...

  9. Stratification (vegetation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratification_(vegetation)

    Stratification in the field of ecology refers to the vertical layering of a habitat; the arrangement of vegetation in layers. [ 1][ 2] It classifies the layers (sing. stratum, pl. strata) of vegetation largely according to the different heights to which their plants grow. The individual layers are inhabited by different animal [ 3] and plant ...