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Middle High German nouns were declined according to four cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative), two numbers (singular and plural) and three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), much like Modern High German, though there are several important differences.
German has four cases: nominative, accusative, dative and genitive. German is unusual among languages using the Latin alphabet in that all nouns are always capitalized (for example, "the book" is always written as "das Buch"). Other High German languages, such as Luxembourgish, also capitalize both proper and common nouns.
This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic—in most cases these words are not cognates, but in some cases they are doublets, i.e., ultimately derived from the same root, generally Proto-Indo-European, as in cow and beef, both ultimately from PIE *gʷōus.
In nouns, the Old German instrumental was replaced with the dative in Middle High German, comparable with English and Ancient Greek, with a construction of mit (with) + dative clause (in English, the objective case is used). For example: "Hans schrieb mit einem Stifte*."
The eventual disruption of these patterns, which led to the more analytic grammar, are generally considered to mark the transition to Middle High German. First page of the St. Gall Codex Abrogans (Stiftsbibliothek, cod. 911), the earliest text in Old High German
The an-stems correspond with Latin 3rd declension nouns such as homō (gen. hominis) "man" and nomen (gen. nominis) "name". They are also the source of many modern German weak nouns. The masculine nominative singular ending cannot be reconstructed with confidence, as both North and East Germanic reflect a rather different ending.
Old High German is an inflected language, and as such its nouns, pronouns, and adjectives must be declined in order to serve a grammatical function. A set of declined forms of the same word pattern is called a declension. There are five grammatical cases in Old High German.
Middle High German had two numbers, singular and plural, and three persons. The language had two simple tenses : present and preterite (or "simple past"). In addition, there were also three tenses that made use of auxiliary verbs : perfect , pluperfect , and future , all much less frequently used than in the modern language.
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