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Excavations showed that Bulgars buried their dead on a north–south axis, [169] with their heads to the north so that the deceased "faced" south. [152] The Slavs practiced only cremation, the remains were placed in urns, and like the Bulgars, with the conversion to Christianity inhumed the dead on west–east axis. [170]
[49] [52] The Bulgars advanced south, crossed the Balkan Mountains and invaded Thrace. [53] In 681, the Byzantines were compelled to sign a humiliating peace treaty, forcing them to acknowledge Bulgaria as an independent state, to cede the territories to the north of the Balkan Mountains and to pay an annual tribute.
The kingdom never survived Kubrat's death. After several wars with the Khazars, the Bulgars were finally defeated and they migrated to the south, to the north, and mainly to the west into the Balkans, where most of the other Bulgar tribes were living, in a state vassal to the Byzantine Empire since the 5th century.
Slavic migrations to Southeast Europe. Early Slavs began mass migrating to Southeastern Europe in the mid-6th century and first decades of the 7th century in the Early Middle Ages. The rapid demographic spread of the Slavs was followed by a population exchange, mixing and language shift to and from Slavic. The settlement was facilitated by the ...
The Slavs, called by the Greco-Romans ' Sklavenoi and Antes, migrated in successive waves from the 6th century onwards. The Slavs migrated from Eastern and Central Europe, those settling in the Balkans and eventually became known as South Slavs. Most still remained subjects of the Roman Empire. The Balkans in 925 AD.
After Ljudevit's failed uprising and death, [20] in 827 the Bulgars under Great Khan Omurtag invaded and conquered Lower Pannonia and parts of Frankish territories to the north. [21] [22] They also installed their own governors. [23] The Bulgarian-Frankish conflict was probably spurred over the control of the tribes of Timočani and Abodrites. [23]
A symbiosis was carried out between the numerically weak Bulgars and the numerous Slavic tribes in that broad area from the Danube to the north, to the Aegean Sea to the south, and from the Adriatic Sea to the west, to the Black Sea to the east, who accepted the common ethnonym "Bulgarians". [128]
Event. 632. Great Bulgaria was formed after the unification of the tribes of Kutrigurs, Utigurs, and Onogurs (Onodonduri). 635. A peace treaty was signed by Kubrat with the Byzantine Empire. 668. Khazar 's pressure caused Great Bulgaria to decline. Volga Bulgaria (7th century–1240s) is formed. 680/681.