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Maxam–Gilbert sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing developed by Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert in 1976–1977. This method is based on nucleobase-specific partial chemical modification of DNA and subsequent cleavage of the DNA backbone at sites adjacent to the modified nucleotides. [1] An example Maxam–Gilbert sequencing reaction.
Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert’s 1977 paper “A new method for sequencing DNA” was honored by a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award from the Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society for 2017. It was presented to the Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University. [4] [1]
Walter Gilbert, a biochemist, and Allan Maxam, a molecular geneticist, at Harvard also developed sequencing methods, including one for "DNA sequencing by chemical degradation". [ 39 ] [ 40 ] In 1973, Gilbert and Maxam reported the sequence of 24 basepairs using a method known as wandering-spot analysis. [ 41 ]
Gilbert was an early proponent of sequencing the human genome. At a March 1986 meeting in Santa Fe New Mexico he proclaimed "The total human sequence is the grail of human genetics". In 1987, he proposed starting a company called Genome Corporation to sequence the genome and sell access to the information. [ 14 ]
The first DNA sequencing methods were developed by Gilbert (1973) [8] and Sanger (1975). [9] Gilbert introduced a sequencing method based on chemical modification of DNA followed by cleavage at specific bases whereas Sanger's technique is based on dideoxynucleotide chain termination. The Sanger method became popular due to its increased ...
There, he sequenced the first large ribosomal RNAs via their genes utilizing the Maxam-Gilbert sequencing method. It took ~2.5 years to sequence the 7.5 kilobases encompassing the entire rrnB rRNA operon in addition to some flanking regions. [3] Although the chemical method was cumbersome, sequences could be determined entirely void of errors.
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DNase I footprint of a protein binding to a radiolabelled DNA fragment. Lanes "GA" and "TC" are Maxam-Gilbert chemical sequencing lanes, see DNA Sequencing.The lane labelled "control" is for quality control purposes and contains the DNA fragment but not treated with DNase I.
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