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Scraps of wool fabric from the Bronze Age and Iron Age have been found in the salt mines of Hallstatt Austria. The fabric scraps were residuals of rags used in the mines. The rags, in turn were scraps from worn out garments. The Bronze age fabrics are relatively coarse in part due to the coarse wool available from the sheep at the time.
The fabric was used to wrap the body of a child placed inside a burial urn. [3] Scraps of silk were found in a Liangzhu culture site at Qianshanyang in Huzhou, Zhejiang , dating back to 2700 BCE. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Other fragments have been recovered from royal tombs in the Shang dynasty ( c. 1600–1046 BCE ).
The production of silk originated in China in the Neolithic period, although it would eventually reach other places of the world (Yangshao culture, 4th millennium BC). Silk production remained confined to China until the Silk Road opened at some point during the latter part of the 1st millennium BC, though China maintained its virtual monopoly over silk production for another thousand years.
Cotton's rise to importance in Europe came about as a result of the cultural transformation of Europe and Britain's trading empire. [16] Calico and chintz, types of cotton fabrics, became popular in Europe, and by 1664 the East India Company was importing a quarter of a million pieces into Britain. [31]
The textile is a component of basic needs like food and shelter. Textiles are everywhere in our lives, from bath towels to space suits. Textiles help humans by comforting, protecting, and extending their lives. Textiles meet our clothing needs, keeping us warm in the winter and cool in the summer.
1842 – John Greenough patents the first sewing machine in the United States. 1844 – John Smith of Salford granted a patent for a shuttleless rapier loom. [citation needed] 1846 – John Livesey adapts John Heathcoat's bobbinet machine into the curtain machine. 1847 – William Mason Patents his "Mason self-acting" Mule.
Most of these fabric fragments come from Lower Nubia, and the cotton textiles account for 85% of the archaeological textiles from Classic/Late Meroitic sites. [24] Due to these arid conditions, cotton, a plant that usually thrives moderate rainfall and richer soils, requires extra irrigation and labor in Sudanese climate conditions.
Earliest indications of linen use come from Ancient Egypt, silk production originated in China (according to a legend, 5000 years ago). Deuteronomy contains a prohibition on mixing wool and linen in clothing material. [4] Earliest known use of cotton fabrics (late 4th millennium BC) is found in India, it spread to Rome by 350 BC. [5]
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