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Kublai Khan [d] [e] (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China. He proclaimed the dynastic name "Great Yuan" [f] in 1271, and ruled Yuan China until his death in 1294.
Mongol Empire. The Mongol conquests resulted in widespread and well-documented death and destruction throughout Eurasia, as the Mongol army invaded hundreds of cities and killed millions of people. One estimate is that approximately 10% of the contemporary global population, amounting to some 37.75–60 million people, was killed either during ...
Not including the mortality from the Plague in Europe, West Asia, or China [45] it is possible that between 20 and 57 million people were killed between 1206 and 1405 during the various campaigns of Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, and Timur. [46] [47] [48] The havoc included battles, sieges, [49] early biological warfare, [50] and massacres. [51] [52]
The division of the Mongol Empire began after Möngke Khan died in 1259 in the siege of Diaoyu Castle with no declared successor, precipitating infighting between members of the Tolui family line for the title of khagan that escalated into the Toluid Civil War. This civil war, along with the Berke–Hulagu war and the subsequent Kaidu–Kublai ...
In 1270, Kublai ordered the construction of five thousand ships. Three years later, an additional two thousand ships were ordered built; these would carry about 50,000 troops to give battle to the Song. In 1273, Fancheng capitulated, the Mongols putting the entire population to death by sword to terrorize the inhabitants of Xiangyang.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 18 November 2024. Mongol-led dynasty of China (1271–1368) Great Yuan 大元 Dà Yuán (Chinese) ᠳᠠᠢ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ Dai Ön ulus (Mongolian) 1271–1368 Yuan dynasty (c. 1290) Status Khagan -ruled division of the Mongol Empire Conquest dynasty of Imperial China Capital Khanbaliq (now Beijing ...
Kublai presided over the final conquest of the Song dynasty, which had preceded the Yuan. Although his reign was generally long and prosperous, weaknesses in the Yuan's economy, society, and administration became apparent after the death of his successor Temür in 1307, culminating in two decades of near-anarchy between 1320 and 1340. [8]
Kublai Khan also reinforced Hulagu with 30,000 young Mongols in order to stabilize the political crises in western khanates. [10] As soon as Hulagu died on 8 February 1265, Berke marched to cross near Tiflis, but he died on the way. Within a few months of these deaths, Alghu Khan of the Chagatai Khanate died too. Nevertheless, this sudden ...