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Simple liver cysts are seen most commonly in women and kids. [2] In terms of pathophysiology, they are formed in response to developmental events and in response to trauma and inflammation. [ 2 ] In addition, liver cysts can be seen with polycystic kidney disease and echinococcosis infection ( hydatid disease ).
Benign liver tumors generally develop on normal or fatty liver, are single or multiple (generally paucilocular), have distinct delineation, with increased echogenity (hemangiomas, benign focal nodular hyperplasia) or absent, with posterior acoustic enhancement effect (cysts), have distinct delineation (hydatid cyst), lack of vascularization or show a characteristic circulatory pattern ...
There are also liver cancer specific staging systems, each of which has treatment options that may result in a non recurrence of cancer, or cure. [57] [58] [59] For example, for HCC it is common to use the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging System. [39] Treatments include surgery, medications, and ablation methods.
Focal nodular hyperplasia's most recognizable gross feature is a central stellate scar seen in 60–70% of cases. Microscopically, a lobular proliferation of bland-appearing hepatocytes with a bile ductular proliferation and malformed vessels within the fibrous scar is the most common pattern.
Liver transplantation, replacing the diseased liver with a cadaveric or a living donor liver, plays an increasing role in treatment of HCC. Although outcomes following liver transplant were initially poor (20%–36% survival rate), [ 20 ] outcomes have significantly improved with improvement in surgical techniques and adoption of the Milan ...
Polycystic liver disease (PLD) usually describes the presence of multiple cysts scattered throughout normal liver tissue. [1] PLD is commonly seen in association with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease , with a prevalence of 1 in 400 to 1000, and accounts for 8–10% of all cases of end-stage renal disease . [ 2 ]
At CT scans, bile duct hamartomas appear as small, well-defined hypo- or isoattenuating masses with little or no enhancement after contrast administration. [3] At MRI, they appear hypointense on T1-weighted images, iso- or slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and hypointense after administration of gadolinium based contrast-agent. [3]
A cavernous liver hemangioma or hepatic hemangioma is a benign tumour of the liver composed of hepatic endothelial cells. It is the most common liver tumour, and is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on radiological imaging. Liver hemangiomas are thought to be congenital in origin. [10]