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RXNO:0000119. The Bouveault–Blanc reduction is a chemical reaction in which an ester is reduced to primary alcohols using absolute ethanol and sodium metal. [ 1 ] It was first reported by Louis Bouveault and Gustave Louis Blanc in 1903. [ 2 ][ 3 ][ 4 ] Bouveault and Blanc demonstrated the reduction of ethyl oleate and n - butyl oleate to ...
Redox (/ ˈrɛdɒks / RED-oks, / ˈriːdɒks / REE-doks, reduction–oxidation[2] or oxidation–reduction[3]: 150 ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. [4] Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the ...
The Tishchenko reaction is an organic chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide. The reaction is named after Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko, who discovered that aluminium alkoxides are effective catalysts for the reaction. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] In the related Cannizzaro reaction ...
Redox indicator. A redox indicator (also called an oxidation-reduction indicator) is an indicator which undergoes a definite color change at a specific electrode potential. The requirement for fast and reversible color change means that the oxidation-reduction equilibrium for an indicator redox system needs to be established very quickly.
A redox gradient is a series of reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions sorted according to redox potential. [ 4 ][ 5 ] The redox ladder displays the order in which redox reactions occur based on the free energy gained from redox pairs. [ 4 ][ 5 ][ 6 ] These redox gradients form both spatially and temporally as a result of differences in ...
The Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction in organic chemistry is the reduction of ketones and aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols utilizing aluminium alkoxide catalysis in the presence of a sacrificial alcohol. [1] The advantages of the MPV reduction lie in its high chemoselectivity and its use of a cheap environmentally friendly ...
In electrochemistry, overpotential is the potential difference (voltage) between a half-reaction 's thermodynamically determined reduction potential and the potential at which the redox event is experimentally observed. [ 1 ] The term is directly related to a cell's voltage efficiency. In an electrolytic cell the existence of overpotential ...
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.