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The syndrome was originally described by American and Canadian geneticists Philip Pallister and Judith Hall in their research of newborn deaths due to pituitary failure. [3] Subsequent discovery of living children and adults expanded the understanding of the syndrome and established the transmission pattern within families.
Postaxial polydactyly. This is the most common situation, in which the extra digit is on the ulnar side of the hand, thus the side of the little finger. This can also be called postaxial polydactyly. It can manifest itself very subtly, for instance only as a nubbin on the ulnar side of the little finger, or very distinctly, as a fully developed ...
Polysyndactyly is a congenital anomaly, combining polydactyly and syndactyly, in which affected individuals have an extra finger or toe that is connected, via fusing or webbing, to an adjacent digit. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Tibial hemimelia-polysyndactyly-triphalangeal thumb syndrome is a rare genetic limb malformation syndrome which is characterized by thumb triphalangy, polysyndactyly of the hand and foot, and hypoplasia/aplasia of the tibia bone.
Bardet–Biedl syndrome is a pleiotropic disorder with variable expressivity and a wide range of clinical variability observed both within and between families. The most common clinical features are rod–cone dystrophy, with childhood-onset night-blindness followed by increasing visual loss; postaxial polydactyly; truncal obesity that manifests during infancy and remains problematic ...
The variant of MS that fuses the 4th and 5th metacarpals is caused by X-linked recessive mutations (alterations or duplications) in the FGF16 gene, in chromosome X. [10]It is a feature of various rare disorders such as Apert's syndrome, and can occur alongside other isolated congenital hand/foot malformations including syndactyly, cleft hand, metatarsal synostosis, and polydactyly.
Acrocallosal syndrome (also known as ACLS) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by corpus callosum agenesis, polydactyly, multiple dysmorphic features, motor and intellectual disabilities, and other symptoms. [3] The syndrome was first described by Albert Schinzel in 1979. [4]
Synpolydactyly is a combination of syndactyly and polydactyly. This image shows the hand morphology of an individual with polydactyly. SPD is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that an individual only needs to inherit one copy of the affected gene, also known as an allele, from either parent to potentially develop the condition.