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Anarchy, State, and Utopia is a 1974 book by the American political philosopher Robert Nozick. It won the 1975 US National Book Award in category Philosophy and Religion, [1] has been translated into 11 languages, and was named one of the "100 most influential books since the war" (1945–1995) by the UK Times Literary Supplement. [2]
Prisoner's dilemma. The prisoner's dilemma is a game theory thought experiment involving two rational agents, each of whom can either cooperate for mutual benefit or betray their partner ("defect") for individual gain. The dilemma arises from the fact that while defecting is rational for each agent, cooperation yields a higher payoff for each.
John Forbes Nash, Jr.(June 13, 1928 – May 23, 2015), known and published as John Nash, was an American mathematician who made fundamental contributions to game theory, real algebraic geometry, differential geometry, and partial differential equations. [1][2]Nash and fellow game theorists John Harsanyiand Reinhard Seltenwere awarded the 1994 ...
David Gauthier FRSC (/ ˈɡɔːtieɪ /; 10 September 1932 – 9 November 2023) was a Canadian philosopher best known for his neo- Hobbesian or contractarian theory of morality, as developed in his 1986 book Morals by Agreement.
People v. Goetz, 68 N.Y.2d 96 (N.Y. 1986), was a court case chiefly concerning subjective and objective standards of reasonableness in using deadly force for self-defense; the New York Court of Appeals (the highest court in the state) held that a hybrid objective-subjective standard was mandated by New York law.
t. e. Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions. [ 1 ] It has applications in many fields of social science, and is used extensively in economics, logic, systems science and computer science. [ 2 ] Initially, game theory addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which a participant's gains or losses are exactly ...
Frankfurt cases. Frankfurt cases (also known as Frankfurt counterexamples or Frankfurt-style cases) were presented by philosopher Harry Frankfurt in 1969 as counterexamples to the principle of alternate possibilities (PAP), which holds that an agent is morally responsible for an action only if that person could have done otherwise.
Jonathan Wolff. Gerald Allan Cohen FBA (/ ˈkoʊən / KOH-ən; 14 April 1941 – 5 August 2009) was a Canadian political philosopher who held the positions of Quain Professor of Jurisprudence, University College London and Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory, All Souls College, Oxford. He was known for his work on Marxism, and ...