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  2. Exhaust gas recirculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation

    However, uncooled EGR designs do exist; these are often referred to as hot-gas recirculation (HGR). Cooled EGR components are exposed to repeated, rapid changes in temperatures, which can cause coolant leak and catastrophic engine failure. [9] [10] Unlike spark-ignition engines, diesel engines are not limited by the need for a contiguous ...

  3. Uncontrolled decompression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncontrolled_decompression

    For the catastrophic failure of other pressure vessels used to contain gas, liquids, or reactants under pressure, the term explosion is more commonly used, or other specialised terms such as BLEVE may apply to particular situations. Decompression can occur due to structural failure of the pressure vessel, or failure of the compression system ...

  4. Crankcase ventilation system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system

    The crankcase air outlet, where the PCV valve is located, is generally placed as far as possible from the crankcase breather. For example, the breather and outlet are frequently on opposite valve covers on a V engine, or on opposite ends of the valve cover on an inline engine. The PCV valve is often, but not always, placed at the valve cover ...

  5. Internal combustion engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine

    The reed valve opens when the crankcase pressure is slightly below intake pressure, to let it be filled with a new charge; this happens when the piston is moving upwards. When the piston is moving downwards the pressure in the crankcase increases and the reed valve closes promptly, then the charge in the crankcase is compressed.

  6. Wastegate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate

    Another route involves welding the internal wastegate shut which permanently keeps it from opening, but failure of the weld can allow it to open again. External wastegates generally use a valve similar to the poppet valve found in the cylinder head. However they are controlled by pneumatics rather than a camshaft and open in the opposite direction.

  7. Swirl flap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swirl_flap

    Swirl flap principle in a four-valve engine. A swirl flap is a small butterfly valve fitted to four-stroke internal combustion engines with at least two intake valves.It is installed inside or just before one of a cylinder's two intake ports, allowing to throttle its intake port's air flow, causing a swirl in the other intake port not fitted with a swirl flap.

  8. Idle air control actuator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator

    Although the IAC is supposed to last the vehicle's lifetime, various reasons may cause it to fail/malfunction prematurely. The most common failure mode is partial/complete jamming of the actuator (due to dirt/dust or even oil) where it cannot be smoothly controlled. The result is an engine that fails to maintain idle RPM and frequently stalls.

  9. Catalytic converter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter

    A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.

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