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Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins. It causes difficulty in breathing which ranges from mild to severe.
Salmeterol is a long-acting β 2 adrenergic receptor agonist (LABA) used in the treatment and prevention of asthma symptoms and control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms. [2] Symptoms of bronchospasm include shortness of breath , wheezing , coughing and chest tightness.
CPAP is the most effective treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, in which the mild pressure from the CPAP prevents the airway from collapsing or becoming blocked. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] CPAP has been shown to be 100% effective at eliminating obstructive sleep apneas in the majority of people who use the therapy according to the ...
Salbutamol is typically used to treat bronchospasm (due to any cause—allergic asthma or exercise-induced), as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [8] It is also one of the most common medicines used in rescue inhalers (short-term bronchodilators to alleviate asthma attacks).
Onset of action for SAMAs is typically between 30 and 60 minutes, making these drugs less efficacious in treating acute asthma attacks and bronchospasm. [9] Most common side effects for these drugs may include dry mouth, headache, urinary tract infection, and bronchitis.
Inflamed airways are more hyper-reactive, and will be more prone to bronchospasm. The "hygiene hypothesis" postulates that in early life, an imbalance in the regulation of these T H cell types leads to a long-term domination of the cells involved in allergic responses over those involved in fighting infection.
Positive airway pressure (PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea.PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, in newborn infants (), and for the prevention and treatment of atelectasis in patients with difficulty taking deep breaths.
Treatment varies depending on the cause of respiratory arrest. In many cases, it is necessary to establish an alternate airway and providing artificial ventilation that can include modes of mechanical ventilation. There are many ways to provide an airway and to deliver breathing support. The list below includes several options.