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Bioreactor. A bioreactor is any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically active environment. [ 1 ] In one case, a bioreactor is a vessel in which a chemical process is carried out which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic.
Various researchers today also utilize culturing laboratory flasks, conicals, and even disposable bags like those used in single-use bioreactors. Aside from Petri dishes, scientists have long been growing cells within biologically derived matrices such as collagen or fibrin, and more recently, on synthetic hydrogels such as polyacrylamide or PEG.
Hollow fiber bioreactors are used to generate high concentrations of cell-derived products including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, growth factors, viruses and virus-like particles. This is possible because the semi-permeable hollow fiber membranes allow for the passage of low molecular weight nutrients and wastes from the cell ...
Micro-mass cultures of C3H-10T1/2 cells at varied oxygen tensions stained with Alcian blue. A commonly applied definition of tissue engineering, as stated by Langer [3] and Vacanti, [4] is "an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve [Biological tissue] function or a ...
The bioreactors used for 3D cell cultures are small plastic cylindrical chambers that are specifically engineered for the purpose of growing cells in three dimensions. The bioreactor uses bioactive synthetic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate membranes to surround the spheroid cells in an environment that maintains high levels of ...
Microfiltration is used to remove residual suspended solids (SS), to remove bacteria in order to condition the water for effective disinfection and as a pre-treatment step for reverse osmosis. [5] Relatively recent developments are membrane bioreactors (MBR) which combine microfiltration and a bioreactor for biological treatment.
Membrane bioreactors are combinations of membrane processes like microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological wastewater treatment process, the activated sludge process. These technologies are now widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. [1] The two basic membrane bioreactor configurations are the submerged ...
Stirred tank bioreactors are used for the biooxidation of gold. [16] While stirred tanks have been used to bioleach cobalt for copper mine tailings, [18] these are costly systems that can reach sizes of >1300m 3 meaning that they are almost exclusively used for very high value minerals like gold. [16] Illustration of the process of uranium heap ...
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