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String theory is a broad and varied subject that attempts to address a number of deep questions of fundamental physics. String theory has contributed a number of advances to mathematical physics, which have been applied to a variety of problems in black hole physics, early universe cosmology, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics, and ...
1943–1959: S-matrix theory. String theory represents an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, [1] a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 [2] following John Archibald Wheeler 's 1937 introduction of the S-matrix. [3] Many prominent theorists picked up and advocated S-matrix theory, starting in the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s.
Website. ias.edu /sns /witten. Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor emeritus in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. [ 4 ]
A vibration in a string is a wave. Resonance causes a vibrating string to produce a sound with constant frequency, i.e. constant pitch. If the length or tension of the string is correctly adjusted, the sound produced is a musical tone. Vibrating strings are the basis of string instruments such as guitars, cellos, and pianos.
In theoretical physics, type I string theory is one of five consistent supersymmetric string theories in ten dimensions. It is the only one whose strings are unoriented (both orientations of a string are equivalent) and the only one which perturbatively contains not only closed strings, but also open strings. The terminology of type I and type ...
no. no. no. none. no. The five consistent superstring theories are: The type I string has one supersymmetry in the ten-dimensional sense (16 supercharges). This theory is special in the sense that it is based on unoriented open and closed strings, while the rest are based on oriented closed strings.
Michio Kaku (Japanese: カク ミチオ, 加來 道雄, / ˈmiːtʃioʊˈkɑːkuː /; born January 24, 1947) is an American physicist, science communicator, futurologist, and writer of popular-science. He is a professor of theoretical physics at the City College of New York and the CUNY Graduate Center. Kaku is the author of several books about ...
Leonard Susskind. Leonard Susskind (/ ˈsʌskɪnd /; born June 16, 1940) [ 2 ][ 3 ] is an American theoretical physicist, Professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University and founding director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. His research interests are string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics ...