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CDCA has been used as medical therapy to dissolve gallstones. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Medical therapy with oral bile acids has been used in patients who have small cholesterol stones, and for patients with larger cholesterol gallstones who are unable or reluctant to have surgery.
Gallstones may result from increased saturation of cholesterol or bilirubin, or from bile stasis. Lower concentrations of bile acids or phospholipids in bile reduce cholesterol solubility and lead to microcrystal formation. Oral therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid and/or ursodeoxycholic acid has been used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones.
The medications ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) have been used in treatment to dissolve gallstones. [58] [59] A 2013 meta-analysis concluded that UDCA or higher dietary fat content appeared to prevent formation of gallstones during weight loss. [41]
Outside the body it is used in experimental basis of cholagogues and is also in use to prevent and dissolve gallstones. [citation needed] In research deoxycholic acid is used as a mild detergent for the isolation of membrane associated proteins. The critical micelle concentration for deoxycholic acid is approximately 2.4–4 mM. [10]
In the developed world, 10 to 15% of adults have gallstones. [3] Of those with gallstones, biliary colic occurs in 1 to 4% each year. [3] Nearly 30% of people have further problems related to gallstones in the year following an attack. [3] About 15% of people with biliary colic eventually develop inflammation of the gallbladder if not treated. [3]
Gallbladder diseases are diseases involving the gallbladder and is closely linked to biliary disease, with the most common cause being gallstones (cholelithiasis). [1] [2]The gallbladder is designed to aid in the digestion of fats by concentrating and storing the bile made in the liver and transferring it through the biliary tract to the digestive system through bile ducts that connect the ...
Gallstones can cause obstructive jaundice (if a small stone goes down and blocks the bile duct), porcelain gallbladder and gallstone ileus. The usual treatment for gallstones is surgical removal of the gallbladder - cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a routine operation nowadays.
It shows a gallbladder wall that is almost pathologically thickened, at 3 mm. However, there is no apparent edema in the pericholecystic fat. The gallbladder contains biliary sludge, as well as gallstones, which create acoustic shadowing. There is thus gallstones without current cholecystitis.