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  2. Stueckelberg action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stueckelberg_action

    The Stueckelberg extension of the Standard Model (StSM) consists of a gauge invariant kinetic term for a massive U(1) gauge field.Such a term can be implemented into the Lagrangian of the Standard Model without destroying the renormalizability of the theory and further provides a mechanism for mass generation that is distinct from the Higgs mechanism in the context of Abelian gauge theories.

  3. Scalar electrodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_electrodynamics

    In theoretical physics, scalar electrodynamics is a theory of a U(1) gauge field coupled to a charged spin 0 scalar field that takes the place of the Dirac fermions in "ordinary" quantum electrodynamics. The scalar field is charged, and with an appropriate potential, it has the capacity to break the gauge symmetry via the Abelian Higgs mechanism.

  4. Buddy L - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_L

    Moline Pressed Steel did not begin manufacturing toys until 1921. [2] Mr. Lundhal wanted to make something new, different, and durable for his son Arthur. [2] He designed and produced an all-steel miniature truck, reportedly a model of an International Harvester truck made from 18- and 20-gauge steel which had been discarded to the company's ...

  5. Budd Company - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budd_Company

    Enea Bossi joined the company as the head of stainless steel research to supervise the design and construction of a four-seat biplane amphibian aircraft, the Budd BB-1 Pioneer. It was the first built with a stainless steel structure. [15] This was the first aircraft for the Budd Company and made its first flight in 1931. [16]

  6. Gauge theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_theory

    Quantum electrodynamics is an abelian gauge theory with the symmetry group U(1) and has one gauge field, the electromagnetic four-potential, with the photon being the gauge boson. The Standard Model is a non-abelian gauge theory with the symmetry group U(1) × SU(2) × SU(3) and has a total of twelve gauge bosons: the photon , three weak bosons ...

  7. Union Metallic Cartridge Company - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Metallic_Cartridge...

    The New York sporting goods firm of Schuyler, Hartley & Graham purchased two small New England cartridge manufacturers in 1866. Machinery from the Crittenden & Tibbals Manufacturing Company of South Coventry, Connecticut, and from C.D. Leet of Springfield, Massachusetts, was moved to Bridgeport where ammunition production began as the Union Metallic Cartridge & Cap Company until the operation ...

  8. Farrel Corporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrel_Corporation

    During the 1920s, Farrel-Birmingham began creating gears for use in US Navy propulsion systems in Buffalo, New York. [2] In 1941, the Navy contracted with Farrel-Birmingham and General Motors to begin manufacturing a rapid reversal gear system that would allow vessels to reverse engines without first slowing down.

  9. U.S. Steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Steel

    The United States Steel Corporation is an American steel company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with production facilities in the U.S. and Central Europe.. The company produces and sells steel products, including flat-rolled and tubular products for customers in industries across automotive, construction, consumer, electrical, industrial equipment, distribution, and energy.