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The Stueckelberg extension of the Standard Model (StSM) consists of a gauge invariant kinetic term for a massive U(1) gauge field.Such a term can be implemented into the Lagrangian of the Standard Model without destroying the renormalizability of the theory and further provides a mechanism for mass generation that is distinct from the Higgs mechanism in the context of Abelian gauge theories.
FMRC and Grainbelt traffic includes wheat, steel products, fertilizer, rail cars undergoing repair, gypsum rock and associated products, oil field materials, cotton, lumber, feed grains and meals, and farm implements. The FMRC lines are owned by the state of Oklahoma and were leased to FMRC in 1993. The Grainbelt line began operations as a ...
In theoretical physics, scalar electrodynamics is a theory of a U(1) gauge field coupled to a charged spin 0 scalar field that takes the place of the Dirac fermions in "ordinary" quantum electrodynamics. The scalar field is charged, and with an appropriate potential, it has the capacity to break the gauge symmetry via the Abelian Higgs mechanism.
The AT&SF incorporated a separate subsidiary, the Healdton and Santa Fe Railway Company, in Oklahoma on October 13, 1925, to purchase the properties of both the Ringling Railroad and Oil Fields. [9] That acquisition was approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission on July 17, 1926, and the Ringling Railroad operated to October 15, 1926.
The company's offices were relocated to a new building in Sand Springs in 1920. [15] By 1940, the Sand Springs Railway handled a total of more than 1 million passengers each year, along with approximately 11,000 freight cars. [19] The company counted 125 employees, and served 85 different customers along its line.
Worthington Steel is a publicly traded (NYSE:WS) steel processing company headquartered in Columbus, Ohio.Worthington Steel is an independent, intermediate processor of carbon flat-rolled steel in the United States, purchasing steel from integrated steel mills and mini-mills and custom processing it in areas such as type, length, width, thickness, shape and surface quality. [1]
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Quantum electrodynamics is an abelian gauge theory with the symmetry group U(1) and has one gauge field, the electromagnetic four-potential, with the photon being the gauge boson. The Standard Model is a non-abelian gauge theory with the symmetry group U(1) × SU(2) × SU(3) and has a total of twelve gauge bosons: the photon , three weak bosons ...