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Fullerene chemistry is a field of organic chemistry devoted to the chemical properties of fullerenes. [1] [2] [3] Research in this field is driven by the need to functionalize fullerenes and tune their properties. For example, fullerene is notoriously insoluble and adding a suitable group can enhance solubility. [1]
In organic chemistry, spherical aromaticity is formally used to describe an unusually stable nature of some spherical compounds such as fullerenes and polyhedral boranes. In 2000, Andreas Hirsch and coworkers in Erlangen , Germany , formulated a rule to determine when a spherical compound would be aromatic .
Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs, and they resemble the balls used in football (soccer). Fullerenes are similar in structure to graphite, which is composed of stacked graphene sheets of linked hexagonal rings; but they may also contain pentagonal (or sometimes heptagonal) rings.
60 in extra virgin olive oil, showing the characteristic purple color of pristine C 60 solutions. Fullerenes are soluble in many organic solvents, such as toluene, chlorobenzene, and 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Solubilities are generally rather low, such as 8 g/L for C 60 in carbon disulfide.
These endohedral fullerenes are usually synthesized by doping in the metal atoms in an arc reactor or by laser evaporation. These methods gives low yields of endohedral fullerenes, and a better method involves the opening of the cage, packing in the atoms or molecules, and closing the opening using certain organic reactions. This method ...
Besides unfilled fullerenes, endohedral metallofullerenes develop with different cage sizes like La@C 60 or La@C 82 and as different isomer cages. Aside from the dominant presence of mono-metal cages, numerous di-metal endohedral complexes and the tri-metal carbide fullerenes like Sc 3 C 2 @C 80 were also isolated. In 1999 a discovery drew ...
The IEA expects world oil demand growth to accelerate next year, with consumption rising to 1.1 million barrels per day next year — but that's not enough to absorb the oversupply.
Fullerenes have since been found to occur in nature. [27] More recently, fullerenes have been detected in outer space. [28] For the past decade, the chemical and physical properties of fullerenes have been a hot topic in the field of research and development, and are likely to continue to be for a long time.