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Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. [1] Shallow shafts , typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects.
William Coulson (1791-1865) was a mining engineer and master shaft sinker who was responsible for sinking more than 80 mine shafts in North East England along with others in Prussia and Austria. He was also notable for leading the rescue and recovery team after the Hartley Colliery disaster of 1862.
But the last shafts dug around 1830, found no coal. Shaft no. 5, continued by drilling, found no trace of coal, and shaft no. 6 stumbled on an uplift in the coalfield linked to a fault. In 1839, shaft no. 7 was sunk in search of coal. However, with the company bankrupt, the concession was put up for sale and the sinking stopped.
A bell pit was a type of coal mine in which coal found close to the surface was extracted by sinking a shaft and removing coal from around it until the roof became unstable. It was then abandoned and left to subside. [5] Bind. A term used in various areas to refer to shale, mudstone, clay or sandstone overlying the seam. Bituminous coal
It was later estimated that sinking two 8.5-foot (2.6 m) shafts instead of one 12-foot (3.7 m) shaft would have cost an extra £900. [ 4 ] In 1852, the pit was flooded to a depth of 8 fathoms (48 ft; 15 m) by water from the old pit. [ 9 ]
In the spa lode behind the boiler shed a winze and shaft were sunk for 10 long tons (10 t) of good ore in 1938. A new shaft to 15 metres (49 ft) on the eastern lode in 1940 and prospecting shafts were put in; 215 long tons (218 t) of old dumps were treated for 2.6 long tons (2.6 t) of concentrates. [1]
Shaft sinking began in 1863 and by 1865 a depth of 500 yards had been reached. Eight men were being lowered to the workings in a hoppet (a large bucket) when it stopped in the shaft for no apparent reason. A second hoppet was attached to the winding gear and men were lowered into the shaft to investigate.
On 29 June 1900, eight workers were killed when pockets of gas were encountered while shaft sinking. [14] The deepest of its three shafts reached 476 yards. The pit closed after an underground fire in 1952. From 1953 until 1989 the pit-head buildings were used as the Area Training Centre for miners. [13]