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syn/anti peri/clinal. a torsion angle between 0° and ±90° is called syn (s) a torsion angle between ±90° and 180° is called anti (a) a torsion angle between 30° and 150° or between −30° and −150° is called clinal (c) a torsion angle between 0° and ±30° or ±150° and 180° is called periplanar (p)
Anti-periplanar geometry will put a bonding orbital and an anti-bonding orbital approximately parallel to each other, or syn-periplanar. Figure 6 is another representation of 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane (Figure 5), showing the C–H bonding orbital, σ C–H, and the C–Cl anti-bonding orbital, σ* C–Cl, syn-periplanar.
The concepts of syn and anti addition are used to characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction. The type of addition that occurs depends on multiple different factors of a reaction, and is defined by the final orientation of the substituents on the parent molecule .
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The disposition of the formed stereocenters is deemed syn or anti, depending if they are on the same or opposite sides of the main chain: Syn and anti products from an aldol (addition) reaction. The principal factor determining an aldol reaction's stereoselectivity is the enolizing metal counterion.
Ordination methods can broadly be categorized in eigenvector-, algorithm-, or model-based methods. Many classical ordination techniques, including principal components analysis, correspondence analysis (CA) and its derivatives (detrended correspondence analysis, canonical correspondence analysis, and redundancy analysis, belong to the first group).
Consequently, the elimination product is always syn and rarely occurs with 6-membered rings. ( Rings with 5 or 7 or more members undergo the reaction just fine.) [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] This organic reaction is closely related to the Hofmann elimination , [2] but the base is a part of the leaving group .
In mathematics, a function is a rule for taking an input (in the simplest case, a number or set of numbers) [5] and providing an output (which may also be a number). [5] A symbol that stands for an arbitrary input is called an independent variable, while a symbol that stands for an arbitrary output is called a dependent variable. [6]