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The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each ... tin: Sn Chalcophile 2.3 (0.00023%) 280,000 ...
Tin is the 49th most abundant element in Earth's crust, representing 2 ppm compared with 75 ppm for zinc, 50 ppm for copper, and 14 ppm for lead. [ 56 ] Tin does not occur as the native element but must be extracted from various ores.
A.B. Ronov, A.A. Yaroshevsky, Earth's Crust Geochemistry, in Encyclopedia of Geochemistry and Environmental Sciences, R.W. Fairbridge (ed.), Van Nostrand, New York, (1969). Estimated abundance of the elements in the continental crust (C1) and in seawater near the surface (W1). The median values of reported measurements are given.
The more abundant rare earth elements are similarly concentrated in the crust compared to commonplace industrial metals such as chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, or lead. The two least abundant stable rare earth elements ( thulium and lutetium ) are nearly 200 times more common than gold .
10-mile crust, only igneous rocks. (i.e. exclude hydrosphere and atmosphere) "The earth's crust" in Clarke and Washington works can mean two different things: (a) The whole outer part of Earth, i.e. lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere; (b) Only the lithosphere, which in their works just meant "the rocky crust of the earth". "Crust" here ...
Metals in the Earth's crust: abundance and main occurrence or source, ... (a siderophile) and tin (a lithophile). Notes ...
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Tin makes up 2 parts per million of the Earth's crust, making it the 49th most abundant element there. On average, tin makes up 1 part per million of soil. Tin exists in seawater at concentrations of 4 parts per trillion. Tin makes up 428 parts per billion of the human body. Tin(IV) oxide occurs at concentrations of 0.1 to 300 parts per million ...