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Retrovirus can be single-stranded RNA (just as many SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are single-stranded RNA) which enters the cell nucleus and uses reverse transcriptase to make DNA from the RNA in the cell nucleus. A retrovirus has mechanisms to be imported into the nucleus, but other mRNA (such as the vaccine) lack these mechanisms.
The mRNA vaccines made by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna were both designed within weeks of the release of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genome, and first to come off manufacturing lines for worldwide use.
The main types of RNA therapeutics are those based on messenger RNA (mRNA), antisense RNA (asRNA), RNA interference (RNAi), and RNA aptamers. Of the four types, mRNA-based therapy is the only type which is based on triggering synthesis of proteins within cells, making it particularly useful in vaccine development. [ 3 ]
Moderna, Inc. (/ m ə ˈ d ɜːr n ə / mə-DUR-nə) [4] is an American pharmaceutical and biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that focuses on RNA therapeutics, primarily mRNA vaccines. These vaccines use a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to carry instructions for proteins to produce an immune response.
Two pioneering scientists who created the technology behind life-saving Covid-19 vaccines have won the Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology.
Vaccines based on messenger RNA from Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech can be developed more quickly. The FDA did not approve a more traditional protein-based shot made by Novavax.
A genetic vaccine (also gene-based vaccine) is a vaccine that contains nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA that lead to protein biosynthesis of antigens within a cell. Genetic vaccines thus include DNA vaccines , RNA vaccines and viral vector vaccines .
While you’re probably pretty familiar with DNA, it’s likely that RNA only made it onto your radar during the pandemic, thanks to Covid-19 vaccines such as the ones from Moderna and Pfizer ...
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