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The episome that harbors the F factor can exist as an independent plasmid or integrate into the bacterial cell's genome. There are several names for the possible states: Hfr bacteria possess the entire F episome integrated into the bacterial genome. F + bacteria possess F factor as a plasmid independent of the bacterial genome. The F plasmid ...
Due to the F factor's inherent tendency to transfer itself during conjugation, the rest of the bacterial genome is dragged along with it. Therefore, unlike a normal F + cell, Hfr strains will attempt to transfer their entire DNA through the mating bridge, in a fashion similar to the normal conjugation. In a typical conjugation, the recipient ...
Both cells synthesize a complementary strand to produce a double stranded circular plasmid and also reproduce pili; both cells are now viable donor for the F-factor. [1] The F-factor is an episome (a plasmid that can integrate itself into the bacterial chromosome by homologous recombination) with a length of about 100 kb.
The p3 protein is anchored to one end of the virion by the C-terminal domain of p3. Infection of host bacteria involves interaction of two different N-terminal regions of p3 with two different sites of the host bacteria. First, the N2 domain of p3 attaches to the outer tip of the F-pilus, and the pilus retracts into the cell. This retraction ...
Perhaps the most well-studied is the F-pilus of Escherichia coli, encoded by the F sex factor. Escherichia coli undergoing conjugation. Bacteria produce long extracellular appendages called sex pili, which connect two neighbouring cells and serve as a physical conduit for transfer of DNA. Adapted from [4] A sex pilus is typically 6 to 7 nm in ...
The donor cell maintains a functional copy of the plasmid. It later was discovered that the F factor was the first episome and can exist as an independent plasmid making it a very stable vector for cloning. Conjugation aids in the formation of bacterial clone libraries by ensuring all cells contain the desired fosmid. [4]
Bacteria containing F-factors (said to be "F+") have the capability for horizontal gene transfer; they can construct a sex pilus, which emerges from the donor bacterium and ensnares the recipient bacterium, draws it in, [16] and eventually triggers the formation of a mating bridge, merging the cytoplasms of two bacteria via a controlled pore. [17]
Merozygote is a state when a cell, usually bacterial, is temporarily partial diploid as result of DNA transfer processes like conjugation. [1]One example of how merozygotes can be formed is the transfer of genetic material of an Hfr cell to an F − cell (in other words a bacterium without the F-factor) through conjugation.