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The Latin cogito, ergo sum, usually translated into English as "I think, therefore I am", [a] is the "first principle" of René Descartes's philosophy. He originally published it in French as je pense, donc je suis in his 1637 Discourse on the Method, so as to reach a wider audience than Latin would have allowed. [1]
Belief perseverance (also known as conceptual conservatism [1]) is maintaining a belief despite new information that firmly contradicts it. [2]Since rationality involves conceptual flexibility, [3] [4] belief perseverance is consistent with the view that human beings act at times in an irrational manner.
The framing effect is the tendency to draw different conclusions from the same information, depending on how that information is presented. Forms of the framing effect include: Contrast effect, the enhancement or reduction of a certain stimulus's perception when compared with a recently observed, contrasting object. [57]
“Secondly I’m not fully against medicine, what I’m concerned about is the side effect of the medicine. “To stop medication there is one condition, you don’t do it all of it suddenly, you ...
Nothing takes place without a cause. The magnitude of an effect is proportional to the magnitude of its cause. To every action there is an equal and opposed reaction. Whewell writes that the first axiom is so clear that it requires no proof if only the idea of cause is understood. [7]
When fictional television anchor Howard Beale leaned out of the window, chanting, "I'm mad as hell, and I'm not going to take it anymore!" in the 1976 movie 'Network,' he struck a chord with ...
Reactance theory assumes there are "free behaviors" individuals perceive and can take part in at any given moment. For a behavior to be free, the individual must have the relevant physical and psychological abilities to partake in it, and must know they can engage in it at the moment, or in the near future. "Behavior" includes any imaginable act.
The illusory truth effect (also known as the illusion of truth effect, validity effect, truth effect, or the reiteration effect) is the tendency to believe false information to be correct after repeated exposure. [1] This phenomenon was first identified in a 1977 study at Villanova University and Temple University.