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As explained by Carter [1] (as quoted in), [2] "Performance budgets use statements of missions, goals, and objectives to explain why the money is being spent. It is a way to allocate resources to achieve specific objectives based on program goals and measured results." The key to understanding performance-based budgeting lies beneath the word ...
Three values are generally discussed in the literature of public budgeting: accountability, efficiency, and efficacy. Accountability focuses on the inputs going into the system or program in action and is best characterized by the line-item budgeting approach. It is best suited for the control and monitoring functions of a budget.
Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. [1] Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence.
Objectives, goals, strategies and measures (OGSM) is a goal setting and action plan framework used in strategic planning.It is used by organizations, departments, teams and sometimes program managers to define and track measurable goals and actions to achieve an objective.
Internal control, as defined by accounting and auditing, is a process for assuring of an organization's objectives in operational effectiveness and efficiency, reliable financial reporting, and compliance with laws, regulations and policies. A broad concept, internal control involves everything that controls risks to an organization.
In business and project management, a responsibility assignment matrix [1] (RAM), also known as RACI matrix [2] (/ ˈ r eɪ s i /; responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed) [3] [4] or linear responsibility chart [5] (LRC), is a model that describes the participation by various roles in completing tasks or deliverables [4] for a project or business process.
"Accountability" derives from the late Latin accomptare (to account), a prefixed form of computare (to calculate), which in turn is derived from putare (to reckon). [6] While the word itself does not appear in English until its use in 13th century Norman England, [7] the concept of account-giving has ancient roots in record-keeping activities related to governance and money-lending systems ...
IPSAS aims to improve the quality of general purpose financial reporting by public sector entities, leading to better informed assessments of the resource allocation decisions made by governments, thereby increasing transparency and accountability. This objective is to be delivered by developing and maintaining IPSAS and other financial ...