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Standardized Kt/V, also std Kt/V, is a way of measuring dialysis adequacy. It was developed by Frank Gotch and is used in the United States to measure dialysis. Despite the name, it is quite different from Kt/V. In theory, both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis can be quantified with std Kt/V.
Some investigators have proposed dosing based on surface area (S) instead of V, but clinicians usually measure the URR and then calculate Kt/V. One can "adjust" the Kt/V, to calculate a "surface-area-normalized" or "SAN"-Kt/V as well as a "SAN"-standard Kt/V. This puts a wrapper around Kt/V and normalizes it to body surface area. [8]
In the standard 3x/week hemodialysis schedule a URR of 65% is considered the minimum acceptable dose, corresponding to a minimum Kt/V of 1.2 [3] When dialysis is given more frequently than three times a week, the minimum acceptable URR is lower; because more dialysis treatments are given over the week, the dose of dialysis for each treatment ...
Nomogram: Standard(ized)Kt/V vs. Treatment Kt/V by Number of Treatments per Week: 00:34, 11 February 2007: 574 × 499 (68 KB) Jtdaugir (talk | contribs)
Separative work – the amount of separation done by a Uranium enrichment process – is a function of the concentrations of the feedstock, the enriched output, and the depleted tailings; and is expressed in units which are so calculated as to be proportional to the total input (energy / machine operation time) and to the mass processed.
So in practice, because of urea generation and UF/W, a 63% URR (0.63) results in a Kt/V of about 1.15 instead of only 1.0 (see graph). KDOQI hemodialysis adequacy standards are written in terms of either Kt/V or URR, with Kt/V being the preferred choices. But a patient may meet one standard and not the other, depending on the level of UF/W.
Para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance is a method used in renal physiology to measure renal plasma flow, which is a measure of renal function. [citation needed]PAH is completely removed from blood that passes through the kidneys (PAH undergoes both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion), and therefore the rate at which the kidneys can clear PAH from the blood reflects total renal plasma flow.
The functions of the kidney include maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of fluid balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules; regulation of blood pressure; production of various hormones, such as erythropoietin; and activation of vitamin D.