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We assume that there are two goods in an economy:the first one is a "public good", and the second is "everything else". The price of the public good can be assumed to be P public and the price of everything else can be P else .
Prometheus Fuels is an American energy startup developing tools to filter atmospheric CO 2 using water, electricity, and nanotube membranes to produce commercially viable fuels. When powered by renewable electricity sources, e-fuels produced by such direct air capture methods do not contribute further emissions, making them carbon neutral . [ 1 ]
Robert L. McGinnis is an American scientist, [1] technology entrepreneur, and inventor who has founded a number of technology companies including Prometheus Fuels, [2] Mattershift [3] and Oasys Water.
Thermoeconomics, also referred to as biophysical economics, is a school of heterodox economics that applies the laws of statistical mechanics to economic theory. [1] Thermoeconomics can be thought of as the statistical physics of economic value [ 2 ] and is a subfield of econophysics .
Economic events are considered as processes of creation, motion and distribution of value that is firstly measured as exchange value.The factor interpretation of the exchange value, accepted by Econodynamics, is based on the Smith-Marx's labour theory of value, according to which efforts of workers are the most essential production factor.
Haig–Simons income or Schanz–Haig–Simons income is an income measure used by public finance economists to analyze economic well-being which defines income as consumption plus change in net worth. [1] [2] It is represented by the mathematical formula: I = C + ΔNW. where C = consumption and ΔNW = change in net worth.
[3] [4] There is a later version of the benefit theory known as the "voluntary exchange" theory. [5] Under the benefit theory, tax levels are automatically determined, because taxpayers pay proportionately for the government benefits they receive. In other words, the individuals who benefit the most from public services pay the most taxes.
Until A Theory of Consumption Function, the Keynesian absolute income hypothesis and interpretation of the consumption function were the most advanced and sophisticated. [2] [3] In its post-war synthesis, the Keynesian perspective was responsible for pioneering many innovations in recession management, economic history, and macroeconomics.