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In computing, the process identifier (a.k.a. process ID or PID) is a number used by most operating system kernels—such as those of Unix, macOS and Windows—to uniquely identify an active process. This number may be used as a parameter in various function calls, allowing processes to be manipulated, such as adjusting the process's priority or ...
PID: Process ID number PPID: ID number of the process's parent process PRI: Priority of the process RSS: Resident set size: S or STAT: Process status code START or STIME: Time when the process started VSZ: Virtual memory usage TIME: The amount of CPU time used by the process TT or TTY: Terminal associated with the process UID or USER: Username ...
pstree is a Linux command that shows the running processes as a tree [1] [2] [3]. It is used as a more visual alternative to the ps command. The root of the tree is either init or the process with the given pid. It can also be installed in other Unix systems. In BSD systems, a similar output is created using ps -d, in Linux ps axjf [4] produces ...
systemd tracks processes using the Linux kernel's cgroups subsystem instead of using process identifiers (PIDs); thus, daemons cannot "escape" systemd, not even by double-forking. systemd not only uses cgroups, but also augments them with systemd-nspawn and machinectl , two utility programs that facilitate the creation and management of Linux ...
SystemTap debuted in 2005 in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 2 as a technology preview. [2]After four years in development, SystemTap 1.0 was released in 2009. [3]As of 2011, SystemTap runs fully supported in all Linux distributions including RHEL / CentOS 5 [4] since update 2, SLES 10, [5] Fedora, Debian and Ubuntu.
The first process created in a PID namespace is assigned the process ID number 1 and receives most of the same special treatment as the normal init process, most notably that orphaned processes within the namespace are attached to it. This also means that the termination of this PID 1 process will immediately terminate all processes in its PID ...
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The startup function startup_32() for the kernel (also called the swapper or process 0) establishes memory management (paging tables and memory paging), detects the type of CPU and any additional functionality such as floating point capabilities, and then switches to non-architecture specific Linux kernel functionality via a call to start ...